Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences, Discoveries, and Society
La Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences, Discoveries, and Society fue lanzada en octubre de 2024 por Estrella Ediciones con la misión de brindar una plataforma digital de alto nivel para la presentación y difusión de investigaciones innovadoras y estudios científicos realizados por académicos, investigadores, estudiantes y profesionales de diversas áreas del conocimiento. La revista sigue un riguroso proceso de revisión por pares, asegurando la excelencia y el impacto de los artículos publicados. Con una periodicidad mensual, esta revista ofrece contenido actualizado de forma constante, abarcando áreas como ciencias naturales, tecnología, humanidades, ciencias sociales y del comportamiento, promoviendo el intercambio interdisciplinario de ideas y descubrimientos relevantes para la sociedad actual.
Los artículos publicados en la revista se distribuyen bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0). Esta licencia permite a terceros descargar, copiar, distribuir, adaptar y reutilizar una obra, incluso con fines comerciales, siempre que se otorgue el crédito adecuado al autor original.
Risk Assessment of Work Safety and Industrial Hygiene and Planning of Preventive Activity in The Heavy Transport Company Orientoil S.A.
Occupational safety and industrial hygiene are essential components in heavy transport companies, where workers are exposed to physical, mechanical, ergonomic and environmental risks derived from machinery operation, vehicle maneuvers and maintenance activities. At Orientoil S.A., these conditions intensify due to the coexistence of driving and welding tasks, requiring a comprehensive and systematic assessment of hazards present in operational positions. The aim of this study was to identify and assess occupational risks using the NTP 330 and William T. Fine methodologies, evaluate noise exposure in the welding area and propose a preventive plan aligned with the company’s operational needs. A descriptive and field-based methodology was applied, including direct observation, interviews, hygienic measurements and structured risk assessment matrices. The findings revealed critical risks such as stepping on objects and explosions (4000 points), as well as high-level risks related to falling objects, vehicle impacts, electrical contact, overexertion and noise exposure above permissible limits. Deficiencies were also identified in PPE use, supervision, workplace organization and equipment maintenance. The proposed preventive plan integrates administrative, technical, training and personal protection controls. It is concluded that strengthening preventive culture, ensuring continuous supervision and implementing immediate corrective actions are essential strategies to reduce accidents and improve safety and hygiene conditions at Orientoil S.A.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jennifer Mereces Ruiz Curay , Irene Bustillos Molina (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ergonomic Analysis of Office Workstations and Their Effects on the Occupational Well-being of Administrative Staff in an Educational Institution in the “7 de Octubre” Parish
Administrative office work involves prolonged typing, user assistance and intensive screen use, conditions that increase exposure to sustained postures, inadequate workstation setups and environmental factors that affect occupational well-being. This study aimed to analyse how ergonomic workstation conditions influence the well-being of administrative staff at an educational institution in the “7 de Octubre” parish. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive–correlational design was employed, supplemented by non-participant observation. Measurements included the ROSA method, illuminance readings, noise levels, thermal environment assessments and records of continuous screen time and effective breaks. Worker-reported symptoms were evaluated using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, the CVS-Q and a fatigue scale. Results showed that 59% of workstations were classified as high ergonomic risk, 45% presented insufficient illuminance and 73% of staff exhibited computer vision syndrome. Significant associations were identified between high ROSA scores and neck pain, poor lighting and ocular symptoms, and lack of breaks and high fatigue levels. These findings demonstrate that current workstation and environmental conditions directly affect workers’ health and performance, highlighting the need for an integrated ergonomic improvement plan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mayerly Anai Vargas Argüello , Irene Teresa Bustillo Molina, Ruth Isabel Torres Torres (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Applications of Cloud Computing in the Digital Transformation of Educational Institutions
Digital transformation has become a strategic and essential component for educational institutions, driving the need to modernise pedagogical, administrative, and knowledge-management processes through more flexible and efficient technologies. Within this context, solutions based on distributed infrastructure have assumed a central role by providing scalability, accessibility, and operational continuity without relying on complex local systems. The analysis carried out through a systematic review supported by the PRISMA protocol enabled the identification of trends, applications, benefits, and challenges associated with these platforms in the context of educational digital transformation. The findings show that such technologies strengthen institutional organisation, broaden access to resources, and foster the development of more dynamic and collaborative learning environments. Nevertheless, their incorporation entails addressing challenges related to risk management, data protection, digital training, and the strategic integration of these tools into existing institutional models—factors that ultimately shape their impact and long-term sustainability within the educational system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Delia Consuegra, Daniel Alejandro Rodriguez Estrella, Braulio Alejandro Olaya Mieles (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Use of Video Games in Education: A Review of Innovative Didactic Experiences
Video games have emerged as a promising tool for enhancing education by offering interactive and engaging learning experiences. This article explores the potential of video games in education, examining how they can improve academic skills and develop cognitive and socio-emotional abilities. Strategies to maximize the impact of video games in education are discussed, along with challenges and concerns associated with their use. The article concludes with recommendations for future research and educational practices to fully leverage the potential of video games in education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Matilde Reyes Fuentes , Maboneik Niggzell Márquez, Julia Y. Arana-Llanes (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainable urban rehabilitation through smart technologies: an approach to the case of the Calzada de Guadalupe
Sustainable urban rehabilitation faces the challenge of merging heritage, social cohesion, and technological innovation in city redesign. This study focuses on section A of the Calzada de Guadalupe in Mexico City as an exemplary case. We analyze how traditional architectural approaches are combined with the use of smart technologies for urban planning and diagnostics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Morales Piña, María Guadalupe López Ávila, José Raúl Lozada Picazo, Sofia Barrón Pérez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gene Therapy and AI-Based Screening in the Future of Ophthalmology
The rapid convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and gene therapy is redefining the future of ophthalmology by enabling earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment of retinal diseases. This multinational cross-sectional study conducted in Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador analyzed the relationship between AI-based retinal screening and the clinical outcomes of gene therapy interventions. A total of 1,260 adults were included, distributed across tertiary and primary care centers. AI diagnostic systems (IDx-DR, EyeArt, and ARDA) achieved high performance, with sensitivities ranging from 88% to 94% and specificities between 84% and 89%. The most frequent conditions detected were diabetic retinopathy (47%), age-related macular degeneration (32%), and inherited retinal dystrophies (21%). Gene therapy demonstrated substantial efficacy, with Voretigene Neparvovec yielding a 45% mean visual improvement, AAV8-based anti-VEGF therapy achieving 38%, and CRISPR/optogenetic interventions showing 29%, all with adverse events below 8%. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.82, p < 0.001) was observed between early AI detection and post-therapy visual improvement. Mexico exhibited the highest level of integration between AI and gene therapy programs, followed by Colombia and Ecuador. These findings highlight that the synergistic integration of AI-driven diagnostics and gene-based treatments can significantly improve visual outcomes and healthcare efficiency. The study supports a regional transition toward precision ophthalmology, promoting equitable access to advanced technologies and reducing the burden of preventable blindness across Latin America.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lina Paola Olivero Díaz , Ricardo Xavier Cárdenas Zambrano , Montserrat Ceja Casillas, Leslie Cristina Guerrero Muño, Jacobo Restrepo Gómez , Juan Diego Paloma Meza, Joel Ángel Luján Borjas, Ingrid Monserrat Jaimes Hernández (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Project-Based Learning as a Strategy for Understanding Statistics in University Contexts
Learning statistics at the university level represents a constant challenge due to the complexity of the concepts and students’ perception of their limited applicability in everyday life. In response to this issue, project-based learning (PBL) emerges as a pedagogical strategy that promotes active knowledge construction and practical application of content. This article analyzes the implementation of PBL as a tool to improve the understanding of statistics in university contexts. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was used, applying observations and interviews with students from administrative and engineering programs at an Ecuadorian university. The results show that PBL fosters greater motivation, encourages the resolution of contextualized problems, and enhances critical thinking skills for interpreting statistical data. Additionally, limitations related to time availability and teacher preparation for managing active methodologies were identified. It is concluded that PBL represents an effective teaching strategy for university-level statistics, as it allows linking theory with practice in real-world scenarios.
Copyright (c) 2025 Edson Francisco Quiñónez Guagua, Amy Linett Triviño Diaz, Andrea Carolina Benítez Barro, Alex Eduardo Mina Ortiz (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comprehensive Care for Safe Abortion: An Integrated and Person-Centered Approach
This study examines the structural, clinical, and psychosocial determinants of comprehensive abortion care in Mexico and Peru, highlighting the influence of legal frameworks and institutional capacity on the quality and accessibility of services. Through a cross-sectional comparative analysis, five core dimensions were evaluated: accessibility and timeliness, clinical quality, psychosocial and informational support, patient autonomy and satisfaction, and institutional coordination. Results demonstrated that Mexico achieved higher integration and alignment with World Health Organization (WHO) standards, reflected in improved accessibility (82%), clinical quality (89%), and patient satisfaction (90%), whereas Peru showed lower performance across most dimensions due to restrictive legislation, limited coordination, and persistent stigma. The findings emphasize that safe abortion is not solely a clinical intervention but a multidimensional public health responsibility that integrates ethics, human rights, and gender equity. The study concludes that legal reform, professional training, and system coordination are essential to achieving equitable, person-centered abortion care in Latin America. By aligning national policies with WHO’s framework and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), countries can ensure that abortion care becomes both a health right and a reflection of social justice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ricardo Daniel Corona González, Abril Samantha Hernández Silva, Arturo Salazar Campos, Ingrid Monserrat Jaimes Hernández, Augusto Cam Rojas , Paloma Itzel Sámano Alcántara (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evolution and Challenges of Teacher Training in Ecuador, Policies, Innovation, and Professional Development
Teacher training is a fundamental pillar to ensure educational quality and respond to the challenges of the twenty-first century. This study analyzes the evolution and challenges of teacher training in Ecuador from 2016 to 2025, considering public policies, technological innovation, and professional development. A descriptive-analytical approach was employed based on documentary review and analysis of official statistical data. The results show significant progress thanks to programs such as the National Continuous Training Plan and the Mecapacito platform, although territorial inequalities, gender gaps, and limitations related to employment stability persist. The research concludes that an inclusive and strategic model is required, articulating public policies, pedagogical innovation, and technological adaptation to guarantee relevant, equitable, and sustainable teacher training.
Copyright (c) 2025 Clelio Joel Ganchozo Vidal , Sonia Isabel Micolta Segura, Lorena Del Rocio Lucio Morales , Roxana Elizabeth Paredes Gavilanez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comprehensive prevention of cervical cancer: strategies, education, and early detection
Cervical cancer represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women, particularly in developing countries. This article aims to analyse effective prevention strategies based on health promotion, early detection, and vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV). A literature review of scientific articles and official documents from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health of Panama was conducted. The findings highlight the importance of integrating community education, timely screening, and vaccination as fundamental pillars in reducing the incidence of this disease.
Copyright (c) 2025 Noriela María Rodríguez Saldaña (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS OF SAFETY FOR THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
The study analyzes the application of Multicriteria Analysis (MCA) in selecting locations for new industrial facilities in Ecuador, emphasizing the importance of incorporating industrial safety as a strategic criterion in decision-making. The main objective was to assess the effectiveness of multicriteria methodologies, specifically the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the PROMETHEE method, to identify the most suitable city considering seismic risk, accessibility, emergency infrastructure, resource availability, and environmental conditions. The research followed a qualitative-quantitative approach, based on a documentary review of scientific and regulatory studies, and the comparative application showed that Cuenca is the safest and most balanced option, with lower seismic exposure, adequate service coverage, and less urban pressure compared to the other cities, obtaining higher scores in both methods. It is concluded that MCA is an effective tool to integrate technical, social, environmental, and safety criteria in complex location decisions, offering a structured and transparent framework that enhances sustainability and reduces operational risks. Furthermore, the study highlights the need to strengthen the training of engineering and industrial safety professionals in the use of these methodologies and recommends complementing their application with geographic information systems to achieve a more comprehensive and updated evaluations of environments
Copyright (c) 2025 Klever Javier Ortiz Macias, Luis Fernando Jacome Alarcon, Mike Anderson Quiroz Vera , Rafael Alexander Acurio Travez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Temporal Evolution of Methodological Approaches in the Teaching of Initial Reading and Writing (2000–2025): A Bibliometric Analysis
Early literacy is crucial for educational and social development; however, in Latin America, first-grade repetition rates remain high due to deficiencies in reading and writing skills. This has driven increased research on literacy methodologies. The study examines the evolution of both traditional and contemporary approaches, emphasizing the importance of incorporating meaningful, socio-emotional, and cultural processes. A bibliometric analysis of publications from 1989 to 2025 was conducted, revealing an annual growth rate of 3.93% and citation peaks in 2010, 2011, and 2015. The study recommends strengthening inter-institutional networks, standardizing metadata, promoting comparative studies, and providing teacher training.
Copyright (c) 2025 Leonor Mercedes Sánchez Alvarado, Marcos Francisco Guerrero Zambrano, Bryan Stalin Valarezo Chamba (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Tourism in Ecuador: A Comparative Analysis Pre and Post-Pandemic, with an Emphasis on Insecurity (2019-2025)
This study evaluates the impact of tourism on local development in Ecuador, analyzing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and, crucially, the role of rising insecurity. Using a descriptive-analytical design with secondary data from sources such as the Ministry of Tourism (MINTUR), the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), and the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), key economic and social indicators from the pre-pandemic period (2019) are compared with the post-pandemic period (2023-2025). The results indicate that while domestic tourism has shown remarkable resilience, with a projected growth of 23.5% in 2025, international tourism has experienced a 40% decline, particularly affecting the Coast (52% drop in international arrivals) and Highlands (25% drop). Insecurity, evidenced by a 430% increase in homicides between 2019 and 2024, acts as a perceptual barrier that limits local development by reducing income, employment, and social cohesion. The Galápagos and Amazon regions show less vulnerability due to their geographical isolation and the type of tourism they offer. The study concludes that insecurity represents a significant threat to the sustainability of the tourism sector and local development in Ecuador, requiring the urgent implementation of comprehensive security policies, regional promotion, and the strengthening of community-based tourism to mitigate its adverse effects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Julio Samuel Murillo Laballe (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Methodology for the evaluation of industrial areas performance with a focus on operational safety
This study presents a detailed bibliographic analysis of the methods used to assess performance in industrial environments, with a focus on operational safety, emphasizing the importance of incorporating key performance indicators (KPIs) that address both productivity and worker protection. The review demonstrates that integrating quantitative and qualitative metrics enables proactive, data-driven management that supports incident prevention and continuous improvement. Furthermore, it highlights the decisive role of emerging technologies, such as IoT sensors, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence, which facilitate real-time monitoring, early detection of hazardous conditions, and optimization of predictive maintenance, thereby contributing to accident reduction and increased operational efficiency. Establishing an organizational culture oriented toward safety is recognized as an essential factor, as senior management commitment, continuous training, and effective communication promote safe and resilient work environments. Additionally, compliance with international standards, especially ISO 45001, provides a structured framework that aligns corporate practices with global benchmarks and fosters organizational sustainability. Finally, managing environmental factors such as industrial noise and thermal conditions is identified as a critical component for safeguarding workers’ health and improving their well-being. In summary, the findings of this review suggest that adopting a comprehensive approach that combines performance indicators, technological tools, a safety-oriented culture, and applicable regulations is indispensable for optimizing operational safety and performance in industrial sectors, promoting safer, more productive, and sustainable workplaces.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yosselyn Kassandra Espinoza Bravo, Ingri Nohelia Mejía Alcivar, Naidelyn Dayanara Romero Ordóñez, José Lenin Zurita Morocho, Luis Fernando Jácome Alarcón (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
General plant distribution as a tool for effective evacuation in emergency situations
The overall layout of a facility plays a crucial role in ensuring effective evacuation during emergencies, as it directly affects how quickly and safely occupants can reach exits. This paper presents a thorough review of scientific and technical literature, emphasizing the importance of well-planned spatial design that includes accessible2 escape routes, multiple exit options, and clear signage. The use of computer simulation tools is explored as a means to anticipate and alleviate potential bottlenecks in evacuation flow, along with the influence of human behavior under stress in such situations. The study also highlights the necessity of a comprehensive emergency management approach, incorporating continuous training, regular evacuation drills, and ongoing updates to safety protocols. A holistic and multidisciplinary perspective is proposed, integrating technical, human, and organizational factors to enhance safety and resilience in buildings. Findings indicate that combining effective architectural design with sound management practices and advanced technologies is key to safeguarding lives and maintaining operational continuity in critical scenarios.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luis Fernando Jácome Alarcón, Jefferson Rodrigo Changoluisa Chusin, Melanny Dayana Romero Rosero, Brithany Mayerly Zambrano Moreira, Mylena Thais Ortega Arreaga (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Internal audits as a tool for continuous improvement in the safety of industrial plants
Internal audits are an essential tool for continuous improvement in industrial plant safety, allowing for the evaluation of regulatory compliance, the identification of risks, and the promotion of corrective actions that strengthen comprehensive safety management. The objective was to identify how the systematic application of these audits contributes to optimising risk management, reducing workplace accidents, and strengthening a culture of prevention in increasingly digitised industrial environments. A methodology based on a systematic review of academic and technical literature published between 2015 and 2025 was used, complemented by documented cases of implementation in plants in different sectors. The sources were analysed according to criteria of relevance and quality, categorising the information into audit processes, benefits, challenges and proposals for improvement. The results show that adopting the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle in internal audits significantly reduces workplace incidents, increases regulatory compliance, and optimises resources, generating operational and economic benefits. Challenges such as poor technical training, resistance to change, and limitations in digital infrastructure were identified, with continuous training, strategic leadership, and the integration of advanced technologies being proposed to strengthen their impact. The combination of conventional audits with IT security audits broadens the scope of risk management, responding to the needs of highly automated plants. In conclusion, internal audits represent a strategic pillar for ensuring safe, efficient and sustainable operations, becoming an indispensable practice for regulatory compliance and innovation in industrial management systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Odalys Alina Loor Miño, María Teresa Cedeño Valle, Deisy Alexandra Quevedo Rios, Luis Fernando Jácome Alarcón (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Advances in Personalized Medicine: Emerging Biomarkers in Cancer Treatment
In recent years, personalized oncology has experienced significant growth, driven by the discovery of molecular biomarkers that enable individualized approaches to cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of emerging biomarkers in cancer care between 2020 and 2025, highlighting their clinical applications, levels of evidence, and integration into therapeutic decision-making. Through a review of 20 recent scientific publications, we identified key trends in the development and validation of biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), tumor mutational burden (TMB), PD-L1 expression, circulating miRNAs, and cancer-associated proteins. Our results, supported by nine figures, reveal a marked increase in biomarker research, particularly in lung, breast, and colorectal cancers, and a progressive shift toward multi-biomarker models. We also discuss the association between specific biomarkers and treatment strategies such as immunotherapy and targeted therapies. Although the clinical utility of some biomarkers is well established, others remain in early validation stages. The study emphasizes the importance of developing standardized, cost-effective diagnostic platforms and the need for broader research across diverse tumor types. These findings contribute to the consolidation of precision oncology as a central pillar of future cancer management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Angel Velasco Espinal, Ingrid Monserrat Jaimes Hernández, Abrahan Josue Valenzuela Madera, Ulises Saldaña Corona, Sergio Eduardo Lezama Soriano (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their impact on the job performance of home appliance distribution personnel at Marcimex
This study analyses the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among distribution staff at Marcimex, a company dedicated to delivering household appliances. Through the application of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and direct observation, a high prevalence of discomfort in the lower back, shoulders, and wrists was identified, associated with the manual handling of heavy loads and forced postures. A direct relationship was found between the presence of MSDs and decreased work performance, reflected in increased absenteeism and reduced productivity. The General Objective of this research is to determine the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders on the work performance of household appliance distribution staff at “Marcimex.” In response, a comprehensive ergonomic strategy is proposed, aimed at improving the physical conditions of the work environment, incorporating active breaks, and strengthening the technical training of staff. These actions seek to prevent new injuries, promote physical well-being, and increase operational efficiency within the company.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cristhian Alfonso Maldonado Guerrero, Ruth Isabel Torres Torres, Fernanda Germania Tirira Chulde, Jefferson Patricio Mawyin Veliz, Luis Fernando Jácome Alarcón (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design of industrial protection systems in environments with high concentration of contaminants
This research proposes a theoretical industrial protection system to mitigate risks associated with contaminants such as dioxins, heavy metals, and volatile organic compounds in highly polluted industrial environments. Through a systematic literature review, the impacts of these contaminants on occupational health (chronic diseases like cancer and neurological disorders) and the environment (ecosystem and water resource degradation) were identified. The methodology, based on a documentary design, analyzed scientific sources and international (OSHA 1910.134, ISO 45001) and local (Ley 7/2022) regulations to develop a system integrating the hierarchy of safety controls. The results highlight the low efficiency of current systems (ventilation, HEPA filters, activated carbon) and propose innovative technologies, such as nanofiltration membranes, alongside administrative strategies like personnel training to ensure feasibility and sustainability. The proposed system offers adaptability to emerging contaminants and regulatory compliance, with applications in industries like mining in Ecuador. The lack of experimental validation is a limitation, suggesting future pilot tests. This theoretical framework promotes comprehensive solutions to enhance occupational safety and protect the environment in challenging industrial settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alisson Ariana Muñoz Fuentes, Johanna Tanya Chinga Ramos, David Eduardo Moreira Ramos, Evelyn Jorleny Vélez Zambrano, Luis Fernando Jácome Alarcón (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Multimodal Educational Inclusion: Pedagogical Practices and Curricular Adjustments forStudents with Diverse Needs
Multimodal educational inclusion has become a priority in contemporary education systems, integrating face-to-face, virtual, and hybrid modalities to support students with diverse needs. This approach extends beyond the traditional concept of inclusion, which focused solely on physical access to school, by promoting pedagogical, curricular, and technological adaptations that ensure all students participate actively and meaningfully in learning. Multimodality serves as a key strategy for addressing the heterogeneity of contexts, learning styles, and individual abilities, thereby enhancing social justice and educational equity. In Latin America, particularly in Ecuador, Mexico, and Argentina, the implementation of multimodal inclusion faces challenges related to social inequality, limited technological infrastructure, teacher training, and the availability of accessible educational resources. Nevertheless, opportunities emerge through public policies oriented towards equity, pedagogical innovation, and the use of inclusive technologies. A critical review of pedagogical practices and curricular adjustments in these countries enables the identification of progress, limitations, and best practices, providing a comprehensive perspective that strengthens multimodal inclusive education. Systematic literature review using rigorous protocols ensures structured analysis and highlights how these strategies contribute to equity and the effective support of diverse student populations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dilcia Margarita Quezada Alvarez, Gloria Ines Sañay Moina, Diana Elizabeth Andrés Casso López (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental management and risk control in the operation of industrial plants
The operation of industrial plants plays a crucial role in economic and productive development, but at the same time involves significant risks to the environment and occupational safety. These scenarios demand comprehensive strategies that guarantee sustainability, efficiency and organisational resilience in the face of contemporary challenges. Environmental management and risk control are essential tools for reducing negative impacts, optimising resources and complying with increasingly stringent national and international regulations. The objective of this research was to examine methodologies and technologies applied in environmental management and risk control in industrial plants, identifying current trends, significant advances and gaps in their implementation, particularly in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The methodology employed consisted of a systematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines, which allowed for a critical analysis of thirty articles published between 2015 and 2025 in high-impact databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to ensure scientific rigour and validity in the results. The findings showed the consolidation of sustainability as a guiding principle, digitalisation as a driver of efficiency, and the adoption of hybrid risk management methodologies that integrate artificial intelligence, digital twins, and blockchain. It also highlighted the need to articulate environmental management with industrial safety systems to improve operational performance, social acceptance, and business competitiveness. In conclusion, the research demonstrated that a comprehensive, multidimensional and technologically innovative approach is essential to ensure safe and sustainable industrial operations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gissela Lizbeth España Estrada, Erwin Lenin Vélez Loor, Nathaly Raquel Vera Alvarado, Luis Fernando Jacome Alarcón (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategies for teaching mathematics in secondary education: innovative approaches and pedagogical challenges
This article analyzes the implementation of innovative didactic strategies in teaching mathematics in secondary education, in response to the social, technological, and pedagogical changes of the 21st century. It begins with the idea that learning based on memorization and repetition of processes is not sufficient to develop critical, reflective, and competent students. On the contrary, it suggests the implementation of active methodologies such as problem-based learning, the use of interactive digital technologies, learning through games, collaboration, and the execution of practical projects. These pedagogical tactics promote meaningful learning, increase motivation, and foster transferable skills such as problem-solving, critical reasoning, and communication. The document also identifies some of the main barriers to the application of key mathematical competencies, such as insufficient teacher training, resistance to innovation, lack of technological resources, and curriculum limitations. It is based on theories such as constructivism, meaningful learning, competency-based approaches, socioepistemology, and the STEAM initiative, which support the methodological proposal. Finally, recommendations are provided to achieve a more equitable, contextualized, and transformative mathematics education, so that students can face the challenges of their environment and change their reality through mathematical thinking.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erika Sofía Segovia Arturo, Verónica Dalila Durán Vázquez, María Isabel Morocho Lupercio, Sonia Lucia Chicaiza Ortiz (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inclusive Education: Pedagogical Practices and Curriculum Adaptations for Addressing Diversity in Virtual and In-Person Environments.
In the current educational context, inclusion is positioned as a fundamental principle to guarantee the right to education for all students, especially those facing barriers to learning and participation. This study, conducted through a systematic literature review following the PRISMA protocol, analyses and compares inclusive pedagogical practices and curricular adaptations applied in Ecuador, Mexico, and Argentina, in both face-to-face and virtual settings. The expansion of virtual education, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted inequalities and the urgent need for strategies that respond to the diversity of the student body. Despite the existence of public policies and successful experiences in the three countries, there is a recognised lack of systematisation, continuity, and coordination across educational levels, which limits the sustainability of inclusive practices. Implemented actions often depend more on individual commitment than on robust institutional frameworks. Nevertheless, the observed progress offers opportunities for improvement and contextual adaptation. The study concludes that, to achieve truly inclusive, equitable, and sustainable education, it is essential to strengthen teacher training, encourage collaborative work, and consolidate policies that promote an educational culture centred on diversity as a value and a driver of transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fernando Antonio Macías García, Alejandro Jesús Robles Ramírez, Doctoranda Daniela Elisabet Zunino , Jenny Elizabeth Mendía Calle (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of the ISO 45001 hierarchy of controls in occupational risk prevention
This study aimed to analyze the application of the hierarchy of controls established in the ISO 45001:2018 standard as a fundamental tool in occupational risk prevention. This research arose from the need to strengthen occupational health and safety management systems, revealing that many organizations prioritize less effective controls, such as the use of personal protective equipment, instead of eliminating or replacing hazards. The study was conducted through a bibliographic review of academic sources indexed in Scielo, Redalyc, and Dialnet, and the analysis of real-life cases in different productive sectors. It was found that proper application of the hierarchy significantly improves preventive effectiveness and reduces accidents. The main contribution of this study is to provide practical guidelines for more effective implementation, promoting a proactive organizational culture regarding OSH.
Copyright (c) 2025 José Javier Almeida Díaz (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fire risk analysis at the Chucería Conejo Restaurant in the city of Quevedo
Fire safety in restaurants is a critical issue due to the inherent risks of food service operations, which include the presence of heat sources and flammable materials. The research aimed to analyse fire risks at the Chucería Conejo restaurant in Quevedo, Ecuador, in order to identify structural, operational, and training deficiencies that increase the likelihood of a fire. A quantitative approach was used, with a non-experimental, descriptive and correlational design. The sample consisted of direct observation of the facilities, surveys of operational staff and documentary analysis of the establishment's internal protocols. The results revealed critical deficiencies in the infrastructure, such as grease accumulation in the extractor hoods, improvised electrical installations, and improper fuel storage. In addition, low staff training in fire safety was detected, limiting their ability to act appropriately in an emergency. It was also found that the restaurant lacks an updated emergency plan and maintenance records for safety systems. In conclusion, it is urgent to improve the restaurant's infrastructure, implement an effective emergency plan, provide ongoing training for staff, and ensure regular maintenance of safety equipment. These measures will significantly contribute to reducing risks and improving safety at the establishment.
Copyright (c) 2025 María Teresa Cedeño Valle (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Systematization of the educational experience in the development of structured thinking through the use of the Scratch program in tenth-grade students articulated with SENA, Nueva Roma School
This article presents the analysis and systematization of an innovative educational experience aimed at developing structured thinking through the use of the Scratch program in tenth-grade students from the SENA articulation program at the Nueva Roma IED School in Bogotá. Under the methodological, key moments, didactic resources, and pedagogical strategies were critically reconstructed, identifying contextual factors and transferable learnings. The main findings show that the integration of Scratch and active methodologies—such as project-based learning—favors the development of organizational skills, logical sequencing, and complex problem-solving. Additionally, the relevance of institutional support and teacher training for the consolidation of innovative practices is highlighted. The study concludes that the systematization of experiences is a fundamental tool for continuous improvement and the generation of educational knowledge in technical training.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raúl Albeiro Cuéllar Gaitán, Juan Carlos Ramírez Silva (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strengthening Ancestral Knowledge and Amazonian Culture in Indigenous Educational Institutions in Colombia
This research aims to strengthen the knowledge and tradition of ancestral wisdom within the Indigenous Amazonian communities of Colombia, preserving their cultural identity and recognising their capacity to adapt to standardised educational models through a qualitative, participatory, diverse, and multicultural approach that emphasises the role of the ethno-educator as a mediator between the school and the community, promoting pedagogical practices grounded in direct experience, ancestral oral traditions, and intergenerational guidance; to this end, strategies such as the revitalisation of native languages, agricultural practices in the ancestral chagra, nocturnal teaching-learning sessions around communal fires, intercultural knowledge workshops, and educational tradition forums were implemented, all of which strengthened collective self-esteem, ensured effective transmission of ancestral knowledge, and fostered a spiritual connection with Mother Nature; the findings demonstrate that the ethnic school consolidates as a shared space for intercultural dialogue, encouraging collective knowledge construction, appropriation of indigenous concepts, and the reinforcement of Indigenous wisdom, while promoting values such as solidarity, respect, inclusion, and territorial protection, showing that Amazonian ethnic education, based on community-rooted learning and respectful of Indigenous worldviews, contributes significantly to the conservation, revitalisation, and transmission of native cultural practices within Indigenous educational institutions in Colombia, thereby ensuring the continuity of identity and the preservation of ancestral heritage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Alberto Lemus Rosero, Davinson Alexander Moncayo Delgado (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Proposal for implementing the 5S methodology in the storage area of the Hostal Sevilla in the city of Quevedo
The hotel sector requires strategies that improve operational efficiency and optimise internal resources. In this context, the 5S methodology represents an effective alternative for improving organisation, order, and cleanliness in critical areas. The objective of this research was to propose the implementation of the 5S methodology in the supply storage area of Hostal Sevilla, located in the city of Quevedo, Ecuador, in order to improve its operational functioning. A mixed approach was applied, with applied and descriptive research, using direct observation, structured surveys, and a checklist based on the 5S principles. The sample consisted of operational and administrative staff linked to the storage area. Among the main results, the following stand out: an improvement in average compliance with the 5S principles, from 26% to 85%; a 66.7% reduction in the time spent searching for supplies; an 80% decrease in monthly material losses; and a 34% increase in staff satisfaction. It was concluded that the application of the 5S methodology contributes significantly to operational efficiency and strengthens an organisational culture oriented towards order and continuous improvement. Furthermore, its applicability and relevance in the hotel sector context is evident, beyond the industrial sphere for which it was originally designed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Odalys Alina Loor Miño (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Proposal for the design of a control system for chemical exposure in a spray booth in a paint shop
Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), isocyanates, and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) in paint shops poses significant occupational health risks, causing respiratory issues, occupational asthma, and chronic diseases. This study, conducted in a paint shop in Valencia, Ecuador, evaluated the conditions of a spray booth to propose a control system to mitigate chemical exposure. Over two weeks, 210 environmental measurements were performed using calibrated sensors (PMS3003, MQ-7), obtaining average concentrations of 9.5 mg/m³ for VOCs, 30 µg/m³ for PM2.5, and 55 µg/m³ for PM10, exceeding regulatory limits in 35%, 30%, and 25% of cases, respectively. Contamination peaks, observed at midday, align with spraying activities. Low-toxicity paints are used in 70% of processes, and 70% of workers use personal protective equipment (PPE), though 85% perceive ventilation as sufficient, contradicting the detected exceedances. Accumulated HEPA filter clogging (55%) and the extractor at 75% capacity reflect technical deficiencies. A proposed control system includes a 0.5 HP extractor with an 80 ft/min capture velocity, quarterly HEPA filter maintenance, 90% use of water-based paints (zinc carbonate-based), monthly chemical risk training, and continuous IoT monitoring (PMS3003, MQ-7, Grafana). These measures reduce respiratory risks, comply with Ecuadorian regulations, and promote a sustainable work environment, with scalable applications to other workshops in resource-limited contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mike Anderson Quiroz Vera (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Use of Alternative Lixiviants to Cyanide for Gold Recovery: Sustainable Mining Processes
Cyanidation is a commonly used method for extracting gold, as it is effective and economical. However, the environmental and toxicity hazards involved have prompted the search for alternative leaching agents that are safer and more sustainable. This article provides a technical analysis of several reagents that can replace cyanide, such as iodide, thiourea, thiosulfate, thiocyanate, glycine, and cyanate derivatives, examining their effectiveness, operating conditions, toxicity, and feasibility in industry. The findings indicate that certain compounds achieve recoveries of over 90% under controlled conditions, suggesting a promising future for their use in the industry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gabriela Viviana Armijos Cabrera, Washington Omar Espinoza Ramón, Cristina Vanessa Fernández Vélez, Wilson Patricio Leon Cueva (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0