Advances in Personalized Medicine: Emerging Biomarkers in Cancer Treatment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71068/y3yp2f80Keywords:
Biomarkers, Precision Oncology, Liquid Biopsy, Tumor Mutational Burden, ImmunotherapyAbstract
In recent years, personalized oncology has experienced significant growth, driven by the discovery of molecular biomarkers that enable individualized approaches to cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of emerging biomarkers in cancer care between 2020 and 2025, highlighting their clinical applications, levels of evidence, and integration into therapeutic decision-making. Through a review of 20 recent scientific publications, we identified key trends in the development and validation of biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), tumor mutational burden (TMB), PD-L1 expression, circulating miRNAs, and cancer-associated proteins. Our results, supported by nine figures, reveal a marked increase in biomarker research, particularly in lung, breast, and colorectal cancers, and a progressive shift toward multi-biomarker models. We also discuss the association between specific biomarkers and treatment strategies such as immunotherapy and targeted therapies. Although the clinical utility of some biomarkers is well established, others remain in early validation stages. The study emphasizes the importance of developing standardized, cost-effective diagnostic platforms and the need for broader research across diverse tumor types. These findings contribute to the consolidation of precision oncology as a central pillar of future cancer management.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Angel Velasco Espinal, Ingrid Monserrat Jaimes Hernández, Abrahan Josue Valenzuela Madera, Ulises Saldaña Corona, Sergio Eduardo Lezama Soriano (Autor/a)
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