Diagnóstico y manejo del Síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico: Una revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71068/fzc70v33Palabras clave:
síndrome de ovario poliquístico, diagnóstico, manejo terapéuticoResumen
El síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) es una de las endocrinopatías más frecuentes en mujeres en edad reproductiva, caracterizado por alteraciones menstruales, hiperandrogenismo y disfunción ovulatoria, con implicaciones metabólicas, reproductivas y emocionales. Su diagnóstico continúa siendo un reto clínico, especialmente en regiones con recursos limitados como el sur de Colombia. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la evidencia científica disponible sobre el diagnóstico y manejo del Síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico en mujeres en edad reproductiva, con énfasis en su impacto en la región del sur de Colombia. Se desarrolló una revisión narrativa de la literatura, basada en una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos como PubMed/MEDLINE y ScienceDirect, seleccionando 57 estudios publicados entre 2014 y 2024 en inglés y español. Los resultados evidencian que los criterios de Rotterdam siguen siendo los más utilizados a nivel mundial, aunque se recomienda incorporar biomarcadores como la hormona antimülleriana (AMH) y el uso de herramientas innovadoras como modelos predictivos e inteligencia artificial para mejorar la precisión diagnóstica. En cuanto al tratamiento, se identificó una tendencia hacia intervenciones combinadas que integran medicamentos convencionales, suplementos antioxidantes, cambios en el estilo de vida, intervenciones conductuales y terapias complementarias, con beneficios sobre parámetros metabólicos, hormonales y calidad de vida. Se concluye que el SOP requiere un abordaje integral, contextualizado y centrado en la paciente, y se destaca la necesidad de fortalecer la formación médica y la investigación local en esta área.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Laura Isabella Rodríguez Laborde, Jennifer Sofia Vidal Gómez, Daniel Felipe Ochoa Manchola (Autor/a)
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