AIcracy: New Challenges for the State

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71068/pdrdqf37

Keywords:

artificial intelligence, iacracy, state, transparency, public employment

Abstract

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the role of the State and public administration, posing the challenge of balancing technological efficiency with democratic principles. This essay introduces the concept of "IAcracy," a scenario in which AI becomes a central actor in governmental decision-making. From a social democratic perspective, the implications of this transition are analyzed, emphasizing the risks of automating decision-making within the state, the potential opacity generated by non-transparent algorithmic processes, and the need to establish regulations that ensure citizen oversight. It is argued that the State must guide the use of AI in favor of the public interest, without compromising equity or popular sovereignty.

References

Amnistía Internacional. (2024). Dinamarca: El sistema de bienestar social basado en la inteligencia artificial alimenta la vigilancia masiva y corre el riesgo de discriminar a los grupos marginados. Recuperado de https://www.amnesty.org/es/latest/news/2024/11/denmark-ai-powered-welfare-system-fuels-mass-surveillance-and-risks-discriminating-against-marginalized-groups-report/

Australian Government. (2021). AI Ethics Framework. Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources. https://www.industry.gov.au/data-and-publications/australias-artificial-intelligence-ethics-framework

Cave, S., & ÓhÉigeartaigh, S. S. (2019). Bridging near- and long-term concerns about AI. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(1), 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-018-0003-2

Chiliquinga Amaya, J. A., Arcentales Macias, A. M., & Pereira Salcedo, J. R. (2024). La influencia de la inteligencia artificial en la sociedad actual y en el futuro de las próximas generaciones. Sapiens in Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 37-47. https://revistasapiensec.com/index.php/Sapiens_in_Artificial_Intelligen/article/view/35

Creemers, R. (2021). China's Social Credit System: An Evolving Practice of Control. China Information, 35(1), 1-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3175792

Danish Agency for Digital Government. (2022). Artificial Intelligence in Denmark. https://en.digst.dk/policy-and-strategy/artificial-intelligence/

El Estado Virtual. (2021). X-Road: el sistema operativo de los Estados. Recuperado de https://elestadovirtual.com/x-road-el-sistema-operativo-de-los-estados/

European Commission. (2019). Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai

European Commission. (2021). Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0206

Eubanks, V. (2018). Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. St. Martin’s Press.

Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., Chatila, R., Chazerand, P., Dignum, V., ... & Schafer, B. (2018). AI4People—An Ethical Framework for a Good AI Society: Opportunities, Risks, Principles, and Recommendations. Minds and Machines, 28, 689-707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5

Gentilini, U., Grosh, M., Rigolini, J., & Yemtsov, R. (2020). Exploring Universal Basic Income: A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1458-7

Government of Canada. (2022). Algorithmic Impact Assessment. https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/digital-government-innovations/responsible-use-ai/algorithmic-impact-assessment.html

Lazcoz Moratinos, G., & Castillo Parrilla, J. A. (2020). Valoración algorítmica ante los derechos humanos y el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos: el caso SyRI. Revista Chilena De Derecho Y Tecnología, 9(1), pp. 207–225. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-2584.2020.56843

Mehrabi, N., Morstatter, F., Saxena, N., Lerman, K., & Galstyan, A. (2021). A Survey on Bias and Fairness in Machine Learning. ACM Computing Surveys, 54(6), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1145/3457607

Ministry of Finance Finland. (2020). AuroraAI – Towards a human-centric and ethically sustainable digital society. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). Retrieved from https://publicadministration.desa.un.org/good-practices-for-digital-government/compendium/aurora-ai-finland

New Zealand Government. (2021). Algorithm Charter for Aotearoa New Zealand. https://data.govt.nz/assets/data-ethics/algorithm/Algorithm-Charter-2020_Final-English-1.pdf

Noble, S. U. (2018). Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. NYU Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1pwt9w5

OECD. (2021). OECD Digital Government Index: 2020 Results. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/digital-government-index_4de9f5bb-en.html

Pasquale, F. (2015). The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information. Harvard University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt13x0hch

Pasquale, F. (2020). New Laws of Robotics: Defending Human Expertise in the Age of AI. Harvard University Press.

Ruiz Muro, J. A., Jara Vera, R. J., Bastidas González, W. W., & Bastidas Jimbo, W. W. (2024). El impacto de la inteligencia artificial en tiempos modernos. Sapiens in Artificial Intelligence, 1(2), 1-14. https://revistasapiensec.com/index.php/Sapiens_in_Artificial_Intelligen/article/view/37

Susskind, D. (2022). A World Without Work: Technology, Automation, and How We Should Respond. Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12186

United Nations. (2021). AI for Good Global Summit. https://aiforgood.itu.int/

Veale, M., & Edwards, L. (2018). Clarity, Surprises, and Further Questions in the Article 29 Working Party Draft Guidance on Automated Decision-Making and Profiling. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(2), 398-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2017.12.002}

UNESCO. (2021). Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380455

Vázquez Ríos, J. R., & Alvarado Bastidas, E. A. (2024). Automatización de procesos usando robótica y control de movimiento. Sapiens in Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 68-82. https://revistasapiensec.com/index.php/Sapiens_in_Artificial_Intelligen/article/view/69

Published

2025-03-12

How to Cite

Guerschberg, L. (2025). AIcracy: New Challenges for the State. Sapiens in Artificial Intelligence, 2(1), e-21004. https://doi.org/10.71068/pdrdqf37

Similar Articles

1-10 of 13

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.